Research

Measuring what is missing, then closing it

Our aim is to establish, with evidence, how well current speech technology serves Sudan’s languages — and to improve it where we can. Datasets are held internally; what we publish is the findings, the methods and the limits.

01

Tone in speech data

The problem

Standard metrics like Word Error Rate treat two utterances as identical when their letters match — even when pitch and tone change the meaning. In tonal and dialectal languages, that difference is the meaning.

Our approach

We design reward signals and human-feedback protocols that capture pitch contour and dialectal nuance, so a model is rewarded for how a sentence is actually said, not merely how it is spelled.

Status: Active — methodology + early pilots

Open question: What is the right unit of human feedback for a tonal language — phoneme, syllable, or contour?

02

African Dialect Speech Datasets

The problem

There is almost no openly-licensed, validated speech data for Sudanese Arabic, Fur, or Zaghawa — and what exists rarely reflects dialectal variation or displacement contexts.

Our approach

Voice-first collection with native speakers and displaced communities, and a human-in-the-loop consensus pipeline for gold-standard labels. Datasets are held internally; how they may ever be shared is set out in Data Rights & Consent.

Status: Building — Sudanese Arabic first

Open question: How do we represent a dialect continuum honestly, without forcing it into discrete, lossy categories?

03

Constitutional AI grounded in AfDec

The problem

Safety frameworks are usually written elsewhere and imported — encoding foreign assumptions into systems that mediate education, health, and finance for African users.

Our approach

We ground our Constitutional AI judge in the African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms (AfDec) and local cultural context, so safety reflects the communities the data serves.

Status: Early — judge prototype in the platform

Open question: Whose values arbitrate safety, and how is that governance made transparent and accountable?

04

Low-Resource & Offline-First Methods

The problem

Many speakers live with intermittent connectivity or none — and many cannot write their language. Standard pipelines assume bandwidth and literacy that simply are not there.

Our approach

Offline-first contribution, parameter-efficient methods, and voice-first interfaces — so being represented never depends on a fast connection or the ability to type.

Status: Early — offline capture in design

Open question: How small can a useful, culturally-grounded model be while still serving a low-resource language well?

Further reading

Outside research we build on, each with a short summary in our own words.